Cairo, the bustling capital of Egypt, is a city that merges the ancient and the modern, offering visitors a unique blend of history, culture, and vibrant city life. Known as the gateway to Egypt’s ancient wonders, Cairo is home to iconic landmarks, historic treasures, and experiences that transport you back in time. Whether you’re exploring the legendary pyramids, walking through bustling bazaars, or admiring breathtaking Islamic architecture, Cairo is a city that leaves a lasting impression. This guide lists the best things to do in Cairo, presented in a numbered sequence to help you plan your journey to this timeless city.
1. Visit the Great Pyramid of Giza
No trip to Cairo is complete without visiting the Great Pyramid of Giza, the last remaining wonder of the ancient world. Built over 4,500 years ago, this architectural marvel showcases the ingenuity of ancient Egyptian engineering. Stand in awe of its massive limestone blocks and intricate design, and imagine the efforts it took to construct such a colossal structure. Take time to explore the surrounding Giza Plateau, which includes the smaller pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure. Don’t miss the chance to see the Sphinx, the iconic guardian of the pyramids, which adds to the mystique of this historic site.
2. Explore the Egyptian Museum
The Egyptian Museum in Cairo is a treasure trove of ancient artifacts and an essential stop for history enthusiasts. Located in Tahrir Square, the museum houses over 120,000 items, including the famous treasures of King Tutankhamun. Marvel at the golden death mask, intricately designed jewelry, and statues that reflect the artistry of ancient Egypt. The museum also features a mummification room, where you can learn about the fascinating process of preserving the dead. A visit to this museum provides a deeper understanding of Egypt’s rich history and culture, making it a must-see destination.
3. Wander Through Khan El Khalili Bazaar
Khan El Khalili is one of the most famous bazaars in the Middle East and a vibrant hub of commerce and culture. As you walk through its labyrinthine alleys, you’ll be surrounded by shops selling traditional crafts, jewelry, spices, and textiles. The bazaar is a sensory delight, with the aroma of freshly brewed coffee, the shimmer of gold, and the vibrant colors of fabrics. Stop by a local café to enjoy a cup of Egyptian tea or coffee while soaking in the lively atmosphere. Khan El Khalili is also a great place to pick up unique souvenirs to remember your trip to Cairo.
4. Admire the Citadel of Saladin
Perched on a hill overlooking Cairo, the Citadel of Saladin is an impressive fortress built in the 12th century to protect the city from Crusader attacks. The Citadel offers stunning panoramic views of Cairo, making it a perfect spot for photography enthusiasts. Within the Citadel complex, you’ll find the iconic Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, with its beautiful domes and intricate designs. Explore the various museums within the complex, including the Military Museum and the Police Museum. The Citadel is a testament to Cairo’s rich Islamic heritage and a must-visit destination.
5. Take a Nile River Cruise
A cruise on the Nile River is a relaxing way to experience Cairo’s beauty and history. Choose from a range of options, including traditional felucca rides, luxury dinner cruises, or sunset tours. As you glide along the river, you’ll enjoy views of Cairo’s skyline, historic landmarks, and life along the riverbanks. Many cruises feature live entertainment, such as traditional Egyptian music and belly dancing, adding a cultural touch to your experience. A Nile cruise is not only a way to unwind but also an opportunity to connect with the essence of Egypt.
6. Discover Islamic Cairo
Islamic Cairo is a historic area filled with stunning mosques, madrasas, and architectural marvels that reflect the city’s Islamic heritage. Begin your exploration at Al-Azhar Mosque, one of the oldest universities in the world, and admire its intricate carvings and serene courtyards. Visit the Sultan Hassan Mosque, known for its grandeur and exquisite design, and the nearby Al-Rifa’i Mosque, where several royal figures are buried. Wander through the streets of Islamic Cairo to discover hidden gems, such as historic gates and traditional markets. This area provides a glimpse into Cairo’s religious and cultural history.
7. Visit the Hanging Church in Coptic Cairo
Located in the heart of Coptic Cairo, the Hanging Church is one of the oldest Christian churches in Egypt. Built on the ruins of a Roman fortress, the church seems to hang above the ground, giving it its unique name. Step inside to admire the stunning woodwork, intricate icons, and beautiful biblical mosaics. Nearby, explore other historic sites in Coptic Cairo, such as the Church of St. Sergius and the Ben Ezra Synagogue. This area provides a peaceful retreat from the city’s hustle and a chance to learn about Cairo’s diverse religious heritage.
8. Experience the Sound and Light Show at Giza
The Sound and Light Show at the Giza Pyramids is a mesmerizing way to experience these ancient wonders at night. The show narrates the history of the pyramids and the pharaohs who built them, accompanied by dramatic lighting effects that illuminate the monuments. As you listen to the story unfold, you’ll feel transported back to ancient Egypt. This experience is both educational and visually stunning, offering a unique perspective on the pyramids. It’s a perfect evening activity for families, history buffs, or anyone seeking a magical moment in Cairo.
9. Explore Al-Muizz Street
Al-Muizz Street is one of Cairo’s oldest streets, lined with stunning examples of Islamic architecture. As you stroll along the cobblestone path, you’ll encounter beautifully preserved mosques, madrasas, and sabils (public water fountains). Visit the Qalawun Complex, a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture, and the nearby Sultan Al-Ghuri Complex. The street comes alive in the evening, with locals and tourists enjoying the vibrant atmosphere. Al-Muizz Street is a living museum that showcases Cairo’s rich history and architectural beauty.
10. Relax at Al-Azhar Park
Escape the hustle and bustle of Cairo by spending time at Al-Azhar Park, a sprawling green oasis in the heart of the city. The park offers beautifully landscaped gardens, walking paths, and serene fountains, making it a perfect spot for relaxation. Enjoy a meal at one of the park’s restaurants, which offer panoramic views of the city skyline and historic landmarks. Al-Azhar Park is also a great place to enjoy cultural events, such as concerts and art exhibitions. It’s a peaceful retreat where you can recharge while still soaking in Cairo’s charm.
11. Marvel at the Step Pyramid of Djoser
Located in Saqqara, just outside of Cairo, the Step Pyramid of Djoser is one of Egypt’s oldest pyramids and a precursor to the iconic Giza pyramids. Designed by the architect Imhotep, this ancient structure represents a significant leap in architectural innovation. Explore the surrounding necropolis, where you’ll find fascinating tombs adorned with intricate carvings and hieroglyphics. The site offers a glimpse into the early evolution of pyramid building in ancient Egypt. Visiting Saqqara provides a unique perspective on the ingenuity of Egypt’s early dynasties.
12. Visit the Museum of Islamic Art
The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo houses one of the world’s most extensive collections of Islamic artifacts. Located in the Bab Al-Khalq area, the museum features stunning displays of ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and calligraphy from various Islamic periods. Wander through its beautifully curated galleries to admire intricate designs and learn about the rich cultural history of the Islamic world. The museum’s impressive architecture adds to its allure, making it a must-visit for art and history enthusiasts.
13. Experience the Vibrancy of Zamalek
Zamalek, an upscale district on Gezira Island in the Nile, is known for its artistic vibe, trendy cafes, and lush greenery. Spend time exploring its galleries, such as the Cairo Opera House and the Museum of Modern Egyptian Art. Enjoy a meal at one of its chic restaurants or sip coffee at a riverside café while watching the Nile flow by. Zamalek’s relaxed yet vibrant atmosphere makes it a perfect spot to unwind and experience a different side of Cairo.
14. Tour the Ben Ezra Synagogue
The Ben Ezra Synagogue, located in Coptic Cairo, is a historic site steeped in legend and spirituality. Believed to be the place where baby Moses was found in the reeds of the Nile, this synagogue offers a unique connection to biblical history. Its interior is adorned with beautiful carvings and a rich collection of Jewish artifacts. Visiting Ben Ezra provides insight into Cairo’s diverse religious heritage and its long history of cultural coexistence.
15. Explore the Bab Zuweila Gate
Bab Zuweila is one of the last remaining gates of Cairo’s medieval city walls, offering visitors a glimpse into the city’s Islamic past. Climb to the top of the gate’s minarets for panoramic views of the surrounding area, including the bustling streets and historic mosques. The gate itself is a masterpiece of Mamluk architecture, with intricate designs and a fascinating history. Exploring Bab Zuweila allows you to step back in time and experience Cairo’s medieval charm.
16. Enjoy Local Cuisine at El Fishawy
El Fishawy, a historic café in Khan El Khalili Bazaar, is one of Cairo’s most beloved dining spots. Known for its traditional ambiance and vibrant energy, this café has been serving locals and tourists for over 200 years. Sip on mint tea, enjoy a plate of falafel or koshari, and soak in the lively atmosphere of the bazaar. El Fishawy’s charm and authenticity make it a must-visit for food lovers and those seeking an authentic Cairo experience.
17. Stroll Through the City of the Dead
The City of the Dead, a vast necropolis in Cairo, is a unique site where tombs and mausoleums coexist with inhabited homes. The area offers a fascinating look at Cairo’s history and its evolving relationship with space and community. Explore the ornate tombs and learn about the stories of the individuals buried there. While the site may seem unusual, it provides a striking juxtaposition of life and death, making it a thought-provoking destination.
18. Attend a Performance at Cairo Opera House
The Cairo Opera House is a cultural hub that hosts a variety of performances, including opera, ballet, concerts, and theater. Located in Zamalek, this iconic venue blends modern architecture with artistic excellence. Attend an evening show to experience Cairo’s vibrant cultural scene and enjoy performances by talented local and international artists. The Opera House offers a sophisticated and memorable experience for visitors seeking a touch of elegance during their trip.
19. Visit the Mosque of Ibn Tulun
The Mosque of Ibn Tulun, one of Cairo’s oldest and largest mosques, is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. Built in the 9th century, the mosque features unique spiral minarets and intricately carved arches. Wander through its expansive courtyards and climb the minaret for breathtaking views of Cairo. The mosque’s simplicity and grandeur make it a peaceful retreat for those seeking a moment of reflection and appreciation for Islamic art and history.
20. Explore the Qarafa Cemetery
The Qarafa Cemetery, also known as the Southern Cemetery, is a historic burial ground that reflects Cairo’s rich cultural and architectural heritage. Wander through the tombs and mausoleums, many of which are adorned with intricate carvings and calligraphy. The cemetery is home to several significant structures, including the Mausoleum of Sultan Qaitbay, an architectural gem. Visiting the Qarafa Cemetery provides a unique and somber look at Cairo’s history and its reverence for the past.
21. Discover the Sultan Hassan Mosque
The Sultan Hassan Mosque is one of Cairo’s most magnificent architectural achievements and a prime example of Mamluk design. Built in the 14th century, this grand mosque features an immense courtyard, intricate stone carvings, and towering minarets. Its impressive scale and elegant details make it a favorite among history and architecture enthusiasts. As you walk through the mosque, you’ll feel the serene atmosphere that contrasts with the bustling city outside. The Sultan Hassan Mosque is a must-visit for those exploring Cairo’s Islamic heritage.
22. Visit the Al-Rifa’i Mosque
Located directly opposite the Sultan Hassan Mosque, the Al-Rifa’i Mosque is a striking counterpart in both design and significance. Built in the 19th century, it serves as the final resting place for members of the Egyptian royal family, including King Farouk. The mosque’s lavish interiors, with marble columns, ornate ceilings, and beautiful tile work, make it a breathtaking site. Combining your visit with the Sultan Hassan Mosque creates an enriching experience that showcases Cairo’s rich religious history.
23. Enjoy a Day Trip to Memphis and Dahshur
Just a short drive from Cairo, the ancient city of Memphis and the nearby pyramids of Dahshur offer a fascinating glimpse into Egypt’s early history. Memphis, once the capital of ancient Egypt, is home to impressive statues and ruins, including the colossal statue of Ramses II. In Dahshur, explore the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, which represent significant steps in the evolution of pyramid construction. A day trip to these sites is a rewarding journey through Egypt’s formative years.
24. Explore the Qalawun Complex
The Qalawun Complex, located on Al-Muizz Street, is a masterpiece of medieval Islamic architecture. This historical site includes a mosque, a madrasa (Islamic school), and a mausoleum that is considered one of the most beautiful in Cairo. The intricate geometric designs, stained glass windows, and detailed woodwork showcase the craftsmanship of the Mamluk era. Exploring the Qalawun Complex offers a deeper appreciation for the artistic and cultural achievements of this period.
25. Experience the Magic of a Felucca Ride
A felucca ride on the Nile River is a peaceful way to experience Cairo’s natural beauty and historic surroundings. These traditional wooden sailboats provide a tranquil escape from the city’s hustle and bustle. Glide along the river at sunset, feeling the gentle breeze and watching the city light up as the day turns to night. Felucca rides are especially romantic, making them perfect for couples or anyone seeking a serene and scenic experience.
26. Learn About History at the Abdeen Palace Museum
The Abdeen Palace, once the royal residence of Egypt’s monarchs, is now a museum that showcases Egypt’s modern history. The palace’s lavish interiors feature gilded ceilings, chandeliers, and richly decorated halls. The museum’s collections include artifacts, weapons, and gifts presented to Egyptian rulers by foreign dignitaries. Visiting the Abdeen Palace provides insight into Egypt’s monarchy and its connections to global history, making it a fascinating stop for history buffs.
27. Take in the Views from Cairo Tower
Standing tall in Zamalek, the Cairo Tower offers panoramic views of the city from its observation deck. Built in the 1960s, this iconic landmark provides a unique perspective of Cairo’s skyline, including the Nile River and historic landmarks. Enjoy a meal or a cup of coffee at the revolving restaurant located near the top of the tower. A visit to the Cairo Tower is an excellent way to get a bird’s-eye view of this sprawling metropolis.
28. Visit the Tombs of the Mamluks
The Tombs of the Mamluks, located in the City of the Dead, are a stunning collection of mausoleums that highlight the grandeur of Mamluk architecture. These tombs, built for sultans and nobles, feature intricate stonework, domes, and geometric patterns. Walking through the site provides a glimpse into Cairo’s medieval past and the opulence of the Mamluk era. The peaceful atmosphere and historical significance make this site a captivating destination.
29. Explore the Gayer-Anderson Museum
The Gayer-Anderson Museum, located near the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, is a beautifully preserved house-turned-museum filled with antiques, artwork, and historical artifacts. The museum showcases traditional Egyptian architecture, with courtyards, ornate furnishings, and intricate tile work. Each room tells a story, offering insight into Egyptian culture and history. Visiting the Gayer-Anderson Museum is a unique and enriching experience for anyone interested in art and heritage.
30. Attend a Performance at Wekalet El Ghouri
Wekalet El Ghouri, a historic cultural center in Islamic Cairo, hosts traditional Egyptian music and dance performances. The Tanoura dance, performed by whirling dervishes, is a mesmerizing highlight of the show. The venue itself, a restored 16th-century caravanserai, adds to the authenticity and charm of the experience. Attending a performance here is a fantastic way to immerse yourself in Egypt’s rich cultural traditions.
31. Discover the Magic of Wadi Degla Protectorate
Located on the outskirts of Cairo, the Wadi Degla Protectorate offers a serene escape into nature. This protected area is a stunning desert valley known for its unique rock formations, fossils, and wildlife. It’s an excellent destination for hiking, mountain biking, or simply enjoying a peaceful day away from the city’s hustle. The natural beauty of Wadi Degla makes it a favorite spot for outdoor enthusiasts and photographers. Visiting this area provides a different perspective on Cairo, showcasing its natural diversity.
32. Walk Through the Historic Bab El-Futuh
Bab El-Futuh, meaning “Gate of Conquest,” is one of the ancient gates of Cairo’s city walls, dating back to the Fatimid era. This imposing structure is an architectural marvel, with massive stone towers and intricate carvings that reflect Cairo’s medieval history. Walking through the gate and its surrounding streets takes you back in time to the city’s early days. Combine your visit with a stroll through the nearby historic streets to fully immerse yourself in the atmosphere of old Cairo.
33. Experience Modern Art at Townhouse Gallery
The Townhouse Gallery, located in downtown Cairo, is a vibrant space dedicated to contemporary art. This cultural hub features exhibitions, performances, and workshops that showcase the work of local and international artists. Wander through its galleries to discover thought-provoking installations and artworks that reflect modern Egyptian society. The Townhouse Gallery is a great place to connect with Cairo’s thriving art scene and gain insight into its evolving cultural landscape.
34. Visit the Monastery of Saint Simon
Hidden in the Mokattam Hills, the Monastery of Saint Simon, also known as the Cave Church, is an incredible feat of architecture and devotion. Carved into the rock, this massive church can accommodate thousands of worshippers and features intricate carvings and biblical murals. The journey to the monastery takes you through the Zabbaleen community, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. Visiting the Monastery of Saint Simon is a spiritual and visually stunning experience that showcases Cairo’s diverse religious heritage.
35. Explore the Nilometer on Rhoda Island
The Nilometer, located on Rhoda Island in the Nile, is an ancient structure used to measure the river’s water levels and predict flooding. This ingenious invention was essential for managing agriculture and resources in ancient Egypt. Today, the Nilometer stands as a fascinating historical site, with its cylindrical well and intricately carved columns. Visiting this site offers insight into the ingenuity of ancient Egyptian science and its connection to daily life.
36. Discover the Cairo International Book Fair
If you’re visiting Cairo in January or February, don’t miss the Cairo International Book Fair, one of the largest and oldest book fairs in the Arab world. The fair attracts publishers and book lovers from across the globe, offering a wide selection of books in various languages. Attend lectures, cultural events, and book signings to immerse yourself in Egypt’s literary scene. This event is a must-visit for avid readers and those interested in the region’s cultural richness.
37. Visit the Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi’i
The Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi’i, located in the City of the Dead, is a significant site for Islamic pilgrims. Imam al-Shafi’i was a renowned Islamic scholar, and his mausoleum is an architectural masterpiece with its grand dome and intricate inscriptions. The site is not only a place of spiritual importance but also a testament to Cairo’s rich Islamic heritage. Visiting this mausoleum provides a deeper appreciation for the city’s religious and cultural history.
38. Relax at the Manial Palace and Museum
The Manial Palace, built by Prince Mohammed Ali, is a stunning example of 19th-century architecture that combines Islamic, Ottoman, and Persian influences. Wander through its lavishly decorated rooms, lush gardens, and fascinating museum filled with royal artifacts. The palace offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of Egypt’s elite during the late Ottoman period. The tranquil surroundings make it an ideal spot to relax and soak in Cairo’s royal history.
39. Take a Walk Along the Corniche
The Corniche, a scenic promenade along the Nile River, is a great place to take a leisurely walk and enjoy the city’s vibrant atmosphere. Stroll past cafes, shops, and bustling streets while admiring views of the river. In the evening, the Corniche comes alive with lights and activity, offering a lively yet relaxed vibe. It’s an excellent way to experience Cairo’s charm and connect with the city’s heartbeat.
40. Experience Traditional Music at El Mastaba Center
El Mastaba Center for Egyptian Folk Music is dedicated to preserving and promoting traditional Egyptian music. Attend a live performance to experience captivating melodies and rhythms from various regions of Egypt. The intimate venue and passionate musicians create an unforgettable cultural experience. From Nubian music to Sufi chants, El Mastaba showcases the diversity and richness of Egypt’s musical heritage. This is a must-visit destination for music lovers and cultural enthusiasts alike.
Cairo is a city that defies expectations, offering an extraordinary blend of ancient wonders, rich culture, and vibrant modernity. From the iconic pyramids of Giza to the bustling streets of Khan El Khalili, every corner of this city tells a story of its fascinating past and dynamic present. Whether you’re marveling at breathtaking architecture, savoring traditional Egyptian cuisine, or immersing yourself in the city’s art and music scene, Cairo promises an experience like no other.
This guide to the best things to do in Cairo highlights just a fraction of what this incredible city has to offer. Its unique ability to transport you through millennia while embracing the energy of the modern world is what makes Cairo a must-visit destination. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply an adventurer, Cairo invites you to explore its treasures and create memories that will last a lifetime.